Mu 2025, mfundo zatsopano zamagetsi zinayambitsidwa nthawi zambiri, zomwe zinasiya makampaniwo akuvutika kwambiri. Panthawi yofunika kwambiri pamene makampani onse ali otanganidwa ndi Chikalata Nambala 136, National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration apereka mfundo yofunika kwambiri yolumikizirana mwachindunji ndi magetsi obiriwira ("Chidziwitso pa Nkhani Zokhudza Kupititsa Patsogolo Kwadongosolo kwa Kulumikizana Kwamagetsi Obiriwira", komwe kumatchedwanso "Chidziwitso"), kupereka chithandizo cha ndondomeko kuti makampaniwa afufuze zochitika zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito pansi pa malo opangira magetsi.
Ndipotu, mfundo za dziko zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, madera monga Jiangsu ndi Inner Mongolia adaperekanso zikalata zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira, koma panalibe zikalata zomveka bwino zothandizira tsatanetsatane wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira. Kuyambitsidwa kwa mfundoyi, kwa nthawi yoyamba, kwafotokoza momveka bwino tanthauzo la kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zobiriwira, zolinga zachitukuko, ndi ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wadziko lonse.
Ngakhale kukhazikitsa kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira kudakali kovuta kwambiri pakugwira ntchito moyenera, kuyambitsidwa kwa mfundo zapadziko lonse kwapereka chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pa njira yotsatira yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu zatsopano. Kupanda kutero, kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira sikukanapanga chitukuko," katswiri wodziwa bwino za momwe mfundo zamakampani zimayendera adauza Photovoltaic.
Kuchokera ku lingaliro lina, monga chimodzi mwa zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'deralo pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, ngati kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira kuli ndi phindu la malonda kumadalira momwe katunduyo alili. Mapulojekiti omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa magetsi obiriwira ndizochitika zofunika kwambiri pamalonda zogwiritsira ntchito kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira.
Kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira, chisankho choyendetsedwa ndi zofuna zingapo
Malinga ndi kutanthauzira kovomerezeka kwa National Development and Reform Commission, kuyambitsidwa kwa njira yolumikizira magetsi yobiriwira kumadalira makamaka pazifukwa zitatu: kukwaniritsa kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano pafupi, zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriwira, komanso kupereka njira zambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse ndalama zawo zamagetsi.
Pakati pawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano m'deralo n'kosavuta kuti makampani amvetsetse. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kudzigwiritsa ntchito, komanso kusungiramo zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndi njira zodziwika bwino zogwiritsira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kulumikizana kwa mphamvu yobiriwira kumafanana kwambiri ndi nthambi ya kuphatikizana kwa mphamvu zoyambira ndi gridi ndipo ndi mtundu womwe umakhala ndi zinthu zochepa.
Pambuyo polankhulana ndi makampani opanga magetsi, makampani opanga magetsi apeza kuti pali mikangano yambiri yokhudza kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi obiriwira. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti popeza ma certificate obiriwira aphatikizidwa ndi RE100, makampani ogulitsa kunja amatha kugula ma certificate obiriwira mwachindunji, ndiye chifukwa chiyani amafunikira kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira?
Pambuyo pofunsa akatswiri oyenerera, akatswiri a photovoltaic adapeza kuti mu dongosolo loyenera la European Union, ziphaso zobiriwira zaku China sizili mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka. Ngakhale kuti kuzindikirika kwa ziphaso zobiriwira zaku China mu njira yosinthira malire a kaboni ya EU kwawonjezeka kwambiri kudzera mu njira zolumikizirana pakati pa maboma, pakadali pano, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) ya EU sivomereza mtundu uliwonse wa ziphaso zobiriwira. Imangozindikira ukadaulo wolumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa magwero opanga magetsi ndi malo opangira, kapena mapangano ogulira magetsi (PPAs) omwe asainidwa pakati pa opanga magetsi ndi ogula.
Poganizira izi, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa magetsi obiriwira kuchokera kumakampani otumiza kunja, kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi magetsi obiriwira mosakayikira ndi chimodzi mwa zisankho zabwino kwambiri. Kale, kuyambitsidwa kwa mfundo yolumikizira mwachindunji magetsi obiriwira ku Chigawo cha Jiangsu kunachokeranso pa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zobiriwira zamakampani akunja. Chitsanzo cholumikizira mwachindunji mphamvu zobiriwira, pogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zinthu za kaboni, chimapatsa mabizinesi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yogwirizana kwambiri yochepetsera kaboni, makamaka yoyenera mafakitale otumiza kunja komanso ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Kuwonjezera pa mabizinesi otumiza kunja, ogula magetsi akuluakulu nawonso ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali kwambiri mu njira yolumikizira magetsi yobiriwira mwachindunji. Pakati pa mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri monga aluminiyamu yamagetsi, chitsulo, ndi simenti, ena ali ndi malo awoawo opangira magetsi otentha. "Mabizinesi awa omwe ali ndi magetsi ambiri, pokhala ndi malo osungira magetsi amphepo, dzuwa, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu, pamodzi ndi malo ena otumizira magetsi, angagwiritse ntchito mwayi wa kukula kwake kuti achepetse mitengo yamagetsi."
Zanenedwa kuti pulojekiti ya malo opangira mafuta m'chigawo china chakum'mawa ikhoza kupeza mtengo wamagetsi wa 0.2+ yuan pa kilowatt-ola pogwirizanitsa malo ake opangira magetsi ndi malo opangira magetsi amphepo ndi dzuwa, zomwe ndi zotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wogulira gridi yayikulu yamagetsi.
Kodi zoopsa zoyika ndalama zingaganiziridwe?
Pambuyo pokambirana ngati njira ya bizinesiyo ndi yotheka, nkhani yotsatira yokhudza chiopsezo cha ndalama.
Ndipotu, chomwe chikufanana ndi kulumikizana kwa mphamvu yobiriwira mwachindunji ndi njira zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zogawidwa komanso zamafakitale ndi zamalonda ndikuti ngati ziwunikidwa kuchokera ku malingaliro a ndalama za anthu ena, wogwiritsa ntchito ndiye wosatsimikizika kwambiri, monga kulephera kwa bizinesi kapena kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Nkhaniyi ndi yomwe imayambitsa mavuto ambiri pakuwunika kwa makampani motsatira njira yachitatu yopezera ndalama. Sikuti njira ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zokha, komanso mapulojekiti monga kupanga haidrojeni, ammonia ndi mowa kuchokera ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso komanso kusungiramo zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi, kusatsimikizika kwa kufunikira kwa magetsi kapena kugulitsa haidrojeni, ammonia ndi mowa ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri pakupanga zisankho zogulira ndalama.
Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli kapena kupewa chiopsezochi momwe mungathere ndikulumikiza ndalama ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe kuchuluka kwa eni ake amagetsi odzipangira okha omwe ali ndi mafakitale ndi mabizinesi m'madera a Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang kwakhala kukukwera m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Kumbali imodzi, eni nyumba awa akufunikiradi kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi obiriwira. Kumbali ina, eni ake amagetsi odzipangira okha amapewanso kusatsimikizika komwe ndalama za anthu ena zingakumane nako, monga kusinthasintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka magetsi ndi mitengo yamagetsi.
Mwachionekere, akuluakulu aboma a dziko nawonso azindikira izi. "Chidziwitso" chikusonyeza kuti magwero amagetsi a pulojekitiyi akhoza kuyikidwamo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kapena ndi mabizinesi atsopano opanga mphamvu kapena mabizinesi ogwirizana omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi onse awiri. Mizere yolumikizidwa mwachindunji iyenera, makamaka, kuyikidwamo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mabungwe opereka magetsi. Ngati gwero lamagetsi la pulojekiti ndi wogwiritsa ntchito si bungwe lomwelo logulitsa magetsi, mgwirizano wogula magetsi wa zaka zambiri kapena mgwirizano wosamalira mphamvu uyenera kusainidwa, ndipo mapangano ayenera kusainidwa pazinthu monga kumanga malo opangira magetsi, kugawa ufulu wa katundu, ntchito ndi kukonza, kutumiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ubale wogwirizana, ndi udindo wophwanya pangano kuti tipewe ufulu ndi maudindo osamveka bwino ndikuteteza bwino ufulu ndi zofuna za bungwe logulitsa.
Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino kwambiri yolumikizirana mwachindunji ndi magetsi obiriwira ndi kudziyika ndalama ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Zachidziwikire, mabizinesi ena amathanso kutenga nawo mbali mu mgwirizano kuti amange ogwiritsa ntchito ndikukhazikitsa ziyembekezo za ndalama.
Kulinganiza mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi kugawa phindu?
Kuchokera pakuwona momwe ntchito yogwirira ntchito ya mtundu wa green power direct connection imagwirira ntchito, "Kukana kwakukulu kwa kulephera kwa mitundu yofananira yakale kukwezedwa kwenikweni kunachokera ku gridi yamagetsi. Mtundu uwu ndi wofanana ndi kusuntha 'keke' ya gridi yamagetsi." Ichi ndi mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu ndalama zogulira mapulojekiti okhudzana nawo.
Chifukwa chake, kutulutsidwa kwa chikalata cholumikizira magetsi chobiriwira ichi kwaganizira zofuna za magulu ambiri momwe angathere. Kuti atenge udindo woyenera wa malamulo amagetsi ndi udindo wa anthu, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya ma gridi amagetsi aboma kuti apereke ntchito zowongolera makina onse amagetsi, Chidziwitsochi chimafuna kuti mapulojekiti azilipira ndalama zotumizira ndi kugawa, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamakompyuta, ndalama zothandizirana ndi mfundo, ndalama za boma ndi ndalama zowonjezera, ndi zina zotero motsatira malamulo oyenera a akuluakulu a mitengo ndi ndalama a The State Council. Madera saloledwa kuchepetsa kapena kumasula ndalama zoyenera kuphwanya malamulo adziko.
Poganizira ndemanga, mkangano pa ndalama zomwe zimafunika kuti munthu alumikizane mwachindunji ndi magetsi obiriwira omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi waukulu kwambiri. Anthu ena ogwira ntchito m'makampani amakhulupirira kuti ngati ndalama zonse zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa zili zofanana ndi za magetsi akuluakulu, "funso lalikulu ndilakuti kodi mtengo wamagetsi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi wotsika mtengo kapena wokwera mtengo kuposa wa magetsi?" Iyi ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zazikulu zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati njira yamalonda ingagwire ntchito.
Akatswiri a photovoltaic adafunsa akatswiri oyenerera ndipo adazindikira kuti "Pansi pa njira yolumikizirana ndi gridi, zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwa mabizinesi kukufunikabe kutsimikiziridwa ndi gridi yayikulu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ndalama zoyenera zogulira magetsi kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi ziyenera kulipidwa monga momwe zalembedwera. Komabe, ndalama zolipirira gawo la magetsi olumikizidwa mwachindunji ku gridi yamagetsi yobiriwira ziyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono."
Anthu ena odziwa bwino ntchito zamakampani anena kuti pamene magetsi obiriwira alumikizidwa mwachindunji pamagetsi otsika, mtengo wa mizere yodzipereka ukhoza kukhala wotsika pang'ono kuposa mtengo wotumizira magetsi mtunda wautali kudzera mu mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, palinso malingaliro akuti ndalama zolipirira mzere wodzipereka pamodzi ndi ndalama zina zolimba sizingakhale zotsika mtengo kuposa kugula magetsi kuchokera ku gridi yayikulu yamagetsi pamapeto pake. "Chifukwa chake, ngati polojekitiyi ingachitike zimadalira kuwerengera kwachuma kwa polojekiti iliyonse."
Ponena za ndalama zamagetsi, kutanthauzira kovomerezeka kunanena kuti "Tiyenera kulimbikitsa mapulojekiti olumikizira magetsi obiriwira kuti tigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo zowongolera, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano zodzipangira tokha komanso zomwe timazigwiritsa ntchito tokha, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi magetsi omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi ya anthu onse, kusunga ndalama zoyendetsera magetsi ndi ndalama zoyendetsera makina, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito za projekiti." Nthawi yomweyo, limbikitsani projekiti yolumikizira magetsi obiriwira kuti mutenge nawo mbali pamsika wamagetsi wonse, kuwongolera payokha njira zopangira magetsi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndikupeza phindu loyenera kudzera mu malonda a mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ntchito zina zothandizira pansi pa cholinga chokwaniritsa zofunikira za magetsi omwe amaperekedwa mu gridi.
Kumbali inayi, poganizira za chitetezo cha ntchito ya gridi yamagetsi, "Chidziwitso" chayikanso zoletsa zambiri m'malamulo atsatanetsatane, kuphatikizapo kunena momveka bwino kuti ma gridi akuluakulu amagetsi ndi mapulojekiti olumikizirana mwachindunji ndi magetsi azikwaniritsa maudindo awo ogwirizana ndi chitetezo ndi kupereka malinga ndi mawonekedwe a udindo, komanso kupereka zofunikira pa ntchito zolumikizirana mwachindunji ndi magetsi kuchokera mbali za kukonzekera, kulumikizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ndikupereka patsogolo kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya gridi yayikulu yamagetsi ndi yotetezeka.
Pomaliza, monga chikalata chomwe chinatenga nthawi yoposa theka la chaka kuti chitulutsidwe, kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira kwabweretsa chitukuko chachikulu pankhani ya dongosolo ndi njira zake. Chikalatachi chimaganiziranso mokwanira zofuna za magulu angapo ndipo chili ndi tsatanetsatane. Komabe, malinga ndi bizinesi, kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira sikukugwira ntchito pazochitika zonse pakadali pano. Chikadali chisankho choyamba pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa magetsi obiriwira kapena malo ofooka a gridi yamagetsi.
Njira yomwe ili patsogolo ndi yayitali komanso yovuta, koma mulimonsemo, kulumikizana mwachindunji kwa magetsi obiriwira kumapereka njira ina yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo gawo lotsatira la chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano za ku China, komanso kufufuza njira kwa mabizinesi omwe ali ndi zosowa zina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-04-2025