Chipululu chachikulu ndi madera opanda zomera ku China akusintha kuchoka pa zofooka zachilengedwe kupita ku malo omenyera nkhondo ofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kusintha kwa mphamvu. Pofika chaka cha 2025, motsogozedwa ndi zolinga za dziko lonse za "dual carbon" ndi njira yotetezera mphamvu, malo osungiramo mpweya wopanda carbon ndi malo opangira magetsi adzakhala maziko ofunikira kuti dera lino lipeze msika wa ma trillion-yuan. Magawidwe a ndondomeko atulutsidwa mwamphamvu. Ningxia yakwanitsa kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 3.79 miliyoni a katundu, ndipo Chipululu cha Gobi ku Gansu chapeza chitukuko chogwirizana cha kuwongolera mchenga wa photovoltaic komanso kuchepetsa matani 800,000 a CO₂ pachaka. Kodi makampani angagwiritse ntchito bwanji mwayi wa ndondomeko, kuswa zopinga zaukadaulo ndikupeza mphamvu mu "kontinenti yatsopano yobiriwira" ya zipululu ndi malo opanda zomera? Yankho lili bwino kwambiri mu kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ndi zachilengedwe.
01 Thandizo la mfundo: Likuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu ndi njira ya dziko lonse
Mapulojekiti oyesera a dziko lonse akhazikitsa njira
Mu June 2025, "Chidziwitso pa Gulu Loyamba la Mapulojekiti Oyesera Omanga Dongosolo Latsopano la Mphamvu" la National Energy Administration linalemba malo opangira magetsi ngati amodzi mwa madera asanu ndi awiri ofunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "malo angapo opangira magetsi apangidwe kapena kukonzedwanso malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo", poyang'ana kwambiri kuthandizira madera amchenga, chipululu ndi opanda zomera kuti awonjezere mphamvu zawo zolamulira pophatikiza zinthu zomwe zagawidwa, ndikulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali pamsika wamagetsi ndi malonda a kaboni.
Kukonzekera kwapadera kwa chipululu ndi malo ouma kwachitika
"Dongosolo Lowongolera Kuchuluka kwa Mapulusa a Photovoltaic a Zipululu Zitatu Zakumpoto, Gobi ndi Wastelands (2025-2030)" latulutsidwa mwalamulo, ndi cholinga chowonjezera ma kilowatts 253 miliyoni a mphamvu ya photovoltaic, kukonza ma mu 10.1 miliyoni a nthaka yamchenga, kupereka malo akuluakulu ndi magetsi obiriwira maziko a mapaki opanda mpweya, komanso kufunikira mgwirizano ndi kukonzanso zachilengedwe.
Kupita patsogolo ndi zatsopano mu njira zogulitsira malonda
Bungwe la Northwest Energy Regulatory Bureau latulutsa "Malamulo a Msika Wosasinthasintha Kwakanthawi Kochepa Othandizira Magwero a Mphamvu mu Mchenga, Chipululu ndi Malo Otayira", zomwe zimathandiza kuti malo osungira mphamvu ndi mabungwe ena azitha kutenga nawo mbali pamsika m'njira yosavuta "yolemba malipoti popanda kutchula mtengo", ndikutsegula njira yopezera ndalama ku malo opangira magetsi.
Chofunika kwambiri chidzaperekedwa poonetsetsa kuti ndalama ndi gridi yamagetsi zalumikizidwa
Ma bond apadera a boma a Treasury omwe amatenga nthawi yayitali adzapereka patsogolo chithandizo cha mapulojekiti oyenerera m'chipululu ndi malo ouma. Mapulojekiti omwe akugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "magetsi atsopano opangidwa ndi malasha ndi ntchito yatsopano yolumikizirana mphamvu" akhoza kupatsidwa ufulu wolumikizira gridi.
02 Mkhalidwe wa chitukuko chomwe chilipo: Chiwonetsero ndi utsogoleri, kukula koyambirira kukubwera
■ Malo opangira magetsi pa intaneti: Mphamvu yosonkhanitsa zinthu yawonjezeka kwambiri
Ningxia ikutsogolera dzikolo: Yamanga nsanja yamagetsi yogwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti, yasonkhanitsa bwino ma kilowatts 3.79 miliyoni a katundu wosinthika, ndikupanga kapangidwe ka "magawo atatu a magawo awiri", kokhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zowongolera.
Kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa machitidwe amakampani monga State Grid NARI kwachitika, koma mfundo zatsopano zikufunikabe kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa zigawo.
■ Malo Osungira Mpweya Wopanda Kaboni: Machitidwe Ogwirizanitsa Mphamvu Zachilengedwe
Hexi Corridor ku Gansu Province ikumanga unyolo wathunthu wa mafakitale: kulimbikitsa kuphatikizana kwa "mphepo, dzuwa, kutentha, malo osungiramo zinthu ndi maukonde a haidrojeni", pulojekiti yowongolera mchenga wa Jinta 10,000-mu photovoltaic yachepetsa matani 800,000 a CO₂ pachaka, ndipo zida zamagetsi monga Trina Solar zakula bwino.
Kupanga Zinthu Mwatsopano kwa Chitsanzo cha Kubuqi: Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandizira wosinthasintha (kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi 26% ndi maziko a mulu ndi 45%), zimathandiza kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi kuwongolera ndalama, ndipo zotsatira zoyambirira za "kupanga magetsi pa mbale ndi kukonzanso pansi pa mbale" zakwaniritsidwa.
03 Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri Yokhudza Kupweteka Kwambiri: Mavuto Ayenera Kuthetsedwa Mwachangu
■ Mavuto aukadaulo
Mphamvu zambiri zatsopano zimapangitsa kuti magetsi asagwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma wideband asamayende bwino. Zinthu zomwe zili mbali ya katundu zimayenda mosiyanasiyana ndipo mphamvu yoyankhira ndi yochepa.
Kuchuluka kwa magetsi: M'madera ena kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China, kuchuluka kwa magetsi kwafika pa 30-40%, ndipo milandu yoopsa kwambiri yapitirira 80%. Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wotsika wamagetsi (0.1-0.2 yuan pa kilowatt-ola), ndalama zomwe pulojekitiyi ikupeza zili pansi pa kupsinjika.
■ Kusagwirizana kokwanira pakati pa zachilengedwe ndi mfundo
Chilengedwe cha m'nthaka yamchenga n'chofooka. Kumanga malo opangira magetsi kumatha kuwononga nthaka komanso kukulitsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi mphepo. Njira yolipirira anthu am'deralo komanso malamulo ogulitsa zinthu m'maboma osiyanasiyana sizinagwirizanebe.
Njira yamalonda ya mafakitale opanga magetsi imadalira ndalama zothandizira, ndipo kukhazikika kwa malonda ake kukadali kofunikira kutsimikiziridwa.
04 Ubwino Wapadera: Kupereka chuma ndi kuthekera kogwirizana
■ Ndalama zabwino kwambiri zothandizira
Dera la Shage Wasteland lili ndi 26.81% ya malo onse mdzikolo, ndipo dzuwa limawala kwa maola opitilira 3,200 pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale malo abwino kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa mdzikolo.
Mtengo wotsika wa malo: Pali malo ambiri osagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ndi oyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo akuluakulu.
■ Kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa zachilengedwe ndi mphamvu
Ma photovoltaic arrays amatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa pamwamba, kuchepetsa kuuma kwa madzi ndikulimbikitsa kuchira kwa zomera (monga pulojekiti ya Kubuqi).
Chitsanzo chophatikizidwa cha "kulamulira kwa dzuwa + mchenga + ulimi ndi ziweto" chimapanga ubwino katatu wa magetsi obiriwira, masinki a kaboni ndi ulimi.
05 Mwayi wa Makampani: Zatsopano ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Msika
■ Kupanga zinthu zatsopano pa ukadaulo kumachepetsa ndalama komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la ntchito
Kusungira mphamvu zopanga gridi: Chinsinsi chothana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chithandizo chofooka cha gridi (monga dongosolo la Trina Energy Storage la kutentha kwa -35°C mpaka 55°C).
Zipangizo zothandizira zosinthasintha komanso ukadaulo wanzeru wotsatira: Wonjezerani kupanga magetsi ndi kupitirira 10% ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi 30% (monga chithandizo cha "Suiying" cha One New Energy).
■ Chitsanzo cha luso ndi ntchito zamsika
Ogwira ntchito pa malo opangira magetsi: Kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusonkhanitsa katundu, kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito zothandizira kumeta tsitsi mozama, kugulitsa malo amagetsi ndi kugulitsa satifiketi yobiriwira (potengera chitsanzo cha Ningxia).
Wopereka chithandizo chokwanira pa malo opanda mpweya: Akupereka njira yolumikizirana yosungiramo zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito gridi ya gwero ndi kukulitsa ntchito zowonjezera monga chitsimikizo cha mpweya (onani pulojekiti yoyeserera batire ya lithiamu ku Gansu).
06 Zochitika Zamtsogolo: Kukulitsa mfundo, kuphatikiza ukadaulo, ndi kuyambitsa msika
Kukulitsa mfundo
Chipululu ndi malo ouma zidzakhala malo omenyera nkhondo amphamvu atsopano mkati mwa nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu, ndipo ndondomeko yonse (malo, misonkho, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito) kwa mizinda yoyesera idzafulumizitsidwa kuti iyambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuphatikiza ukadaulo
Malo opangira magetsi oyendetsedwa ndi AI (monga kuneneratu kwa chitsanzo chachikulu cha Zhejiang) ndi malo osungira magetsi opangira gridi akhala zofunikira kwambiri pakulumikiza gridi.
Njira yamsika
Zikalata zobiriwira ndi ma CCers ayambitsidwanso kuti athandize phindu la kaboni, ndipo njira zogulitsira malo m'maboma osiyanasiyana zakulitsidwa.
Kugwirizana kwa chilengedwe
Dipatimenti ya zankhalango ndi udzu ikutsogolera pakukhazikitsa miyezo yowongolera mchenga wa photovoltaic ndipo imalimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa "kukwanirana kwa udzu ndi photovoltaic" ndi "kukwanirana kwa ulimi ndi photovoltaic".
Chidule cha 07
Malo osungira magetsi opanda mpweya ndi malo opangira magetsi m'malo amchenga, opanda zomera komanso opanda anthu pakadali pano ali munthawi yogwirizana ndi mfundo zopindulitsa komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo: kwakanthawi kochepa, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kutsutsana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe (monga zothandizira zosinthika + magwiridwe antchito anzeru ndi kukonza). Pakanthawi kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali, kudalira mphamvu zosonkhanitsira magetsi m'malo opangira magetsi komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zobiriwira (monga kuphatikiza kwa hydrogen, ammonia ndi mowa), njira yopezera ndalama ya magawo anayi ya "kupanga magetsi - kulamulira mchenga - kutsika kwa kaboni - makampani" ikhoza kukwaniritsidwa. Mabizinesi ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri paukadaulo wopanga ma gridi, mapangidwe ochezeka ndi chilengedwe komanso kuthekera kochita malonda m'madera osiyanasiyana kuti agwire malo apamwamba pamsika wokwera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-17-2025