Mu 2025, mphamvu yonse yoyika ya photovoltaic (PV) ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ku China inaposa mphamvu ya kutentha koyamba, kufika pa ma kilowatts 1.84 biliyoni. Izi zinapangitsa kuti PV ndi mphamvu ya mphepo zikhale chinsinsi chachikulu cha kukula kwa magetsi ku China, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 47.3% ya mphamvu yonse yoyika ndi pafupifupi theka la mphamvu yonse yoyika ya PV ndi mphamvu ya mphepo padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, China yakhazikitsa njira yayikulu kwambiri komanso yofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yokonzanso mphamvu. Kusintha kumeneku kwakhazikitsa maziko olimba a mphamvu kuti akwaniritse zolinga za "dual carbon" panthawi yake. Komabe, chifukwa cha nthawi yachilengedwe komanso kusasinthasintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kuphatikiza kusintha kwamphamvu kwa magetsi ndi njira zofunira, chiopsezo cha kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yamagetsi chawonjezeka kwambiri, kukhala vuto lalikulu lomwe likulepheretsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa msika wamagetsi. Chaka chino, National People's Congress ndi Msonkhano wa Uphungu wa Zandale wa Anthu aku China adapereka malingaliro oyenera kuti afulumizitse chitukuko cha msika wamagetsi.
Oimirawo anati machitidwe awonetsa kuti kuzama kwa kusintha kwa malonda amagetsi sikungalekanitsidwe ndi kuthandizirana kwa msika wamagetsi. Mu ndondomeko ya malonda amagetsi ku Europe ndi United States, adakumananso ndi vuto la kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mitengo yamagetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mphamvu zatsopano. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zochotsera kwakhala njira yayikulu yothetsera vutoli. Mu kusintha kwa malonda amagetsi mu 2001, UK idasintha njira yachikhalidwe yamagetsi ndi chitsanzo cha "mgwirizano wa mayiko awiri + msika wolinganizidwa" mwa kuyambitsa zida zochotsera monga zamtsogolo ndi zosankha, zomwe zidakweza kwambiri kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito amsika. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa malonda amagetsi m'misika yokhwima ku Europe ndi United States kwakhalabe pamlingo wa madola triliyoni chaka chonse. Kuchuluka kwa malonda amagetsi ku Europe kwafika nthawi 9-10 kuposa msika wamakono, ndipo ku United States, kwafika nthawi 15-20. Kuposa 90% ya malonda amagetsi amaphimbidwa ndi mapangano azachuma monga zamtsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusinthasintha kwamitengo kukhazikike bwino pamsika wamakono. Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi atsimikizira mokwanira kuti msika wamagetsi okhwima ndi wofunikira kwambiri poteteza mitengo, kuonetsetsa kuti makampani amsika akugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kusunga bwino msika wamagetsi. Oimira Two Sessions amakhulupirira kuti poyerekeza ndi misika yokhwima ku Europe ndi United States, msika wamagetsi okhwima ku China ukadali mu gawo lake loyamba lofufuza. Njira yopangirayi siyikugwirizana ndi liwiro la kusintha kwa malonda amagetsi komanso kufunika kwa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu. Pali zofooka zitatu zazikulu:
Vuto limodzi ndi njira yakale yopangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kusowa kwa magetsi amtsogolo, chida chofunikira chotetezera, komanso kusowa kwa zinthu zapadera zomwe zimakhudza zoopsa zinazake monga kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu zatsopano, kusiyana kwa mitengo pachigwa chachikulu, komanso zotsatira za nyengo yoipa.
Kachiwiri, zopinga zamalonda pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana ndizodziwika bwino.
Malamulo a msika wamagetsi m'zigawo zonse (kuphatikizapo madera odziyimira pawokha ndi m'maboma) si ogwirizana, njira zowerengera ndalama sizigwirizana, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa mfundo zamitengo yotumizira. Kulowererapo kwa oyang'anira ndi chitetezo cha m'deralo kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza njira yabwino yogawa magetsi m'zigawo zonse kudzera mumsika wopangidwa ndi magetsi.
Chachitatu, kugwirizanitsa mfundo ndi njira zowongolera ziyenera kukonzedwa.
Kusowa kwa njira yolumikizana komanso yolumikizana pakati pa mphamvu ndi malamulo azachuma, kuphatikiza kusagwirizana bwino pakati pa malamulo operekera ndi kuthetseratu malonda a zotumphukira ndi msika wamagetsi, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali komanso nkhawa zambiri zokhudzana ndi zoopsa zomwe mabungwe amsika akukumana nazo, zapangitsa kuti anthu asamafune kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotumphukira, zomwe zikulepheretsa kuti ntchito zazikulu za msika zigwire bwino ntchito.
Pakadali pano, kusinthasintha kwa mitengo yamagetsi kwakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha ntchito za mabungwe omwe ali pamwamba ndi pansi pa unyolo wamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa zotuluka, mabizinesi atsopano opanga magetsi awona mitengo yawo yamagetsi pa gridi ikusiyana ndi zomwe amayembekezera, ndipo zokolola zina za mapulojekiti zikutsika pansi pa mzere wochenjeza, zomwe zikukhudza chidwi cha ndalama zatsopano za mapulojekiti. Makampani ogulitsa magetsi akukumana ndi kupsinjika kawiri kwa "ndalama zambiri zogulira magetsi ndi mitengo yochepa yogulitsa magetsi," zomwe zikugwera m'mavuto ogwirira ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale, makamaka mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, amavutika kutseka ndalama zamagetsi pasadakhale, zomwe zikukhudza kwambiri kukhazikika kwa mapulani opanga ndipo pambuyo pake zimakhudza chitetezo cha mafakitale ndi maunyolo ogulitsa. Ngati sitifulumizitsa chitukuko cha msika wamagetsi, zidzalepheretsa kwambiri kuzama kwa kusintha kwa malonda amagetsi, komwe sikungathandize pakukula kwabwino kwa makampani atsopano amagetsi ndipo kungakhudzenso chitetezo cha mphamvu ndi mkhalidwe wonse wa chitsimikizo cha magetsi. Kuti athetse bwino mavuto oteteza zoopsa pakugulitsa magetsi, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha msika wamagetsi ndi msika wamalo, ndikuthandizira kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa kusintha kwa malonda amagetsi, oimira pa Misonkhano Iwiri akupereka lingaliro ili:
Choyamba, akulangizidwa kuti pakhale kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zokhazikika kuti pakhale maziko olimba oteteza zoopsa. Motsogozedwa ndi China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) ndi National Energy Administration, malo osinthira zinthu zamtsogolo ayenera kutsogoleredwa kuti afulumizitse kafukufuku, chitukuko, ndi njira yolembera zamtsogolo zamagetsi, ndikumaliza kafukufuku, chitukuko, ndi kukonzekera mndandanda wa mapangano amtsogolo amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko lonse mwachangu momwe zingathere. Njira ya "kugwirizanitsa dziko lonse + mapulojekiti oyesera am'deralo" iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ilimbikitse madera okhwima pamsika kuti ayambe kuchita mapulojekiti oyesera zinthu zapadera monga mapangano a kusiyana kwa mitengo pachigwa chachikulu ndi ma projekiti atsopano owonetsa mphamvu. Mapulojekiti oyesera awa ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zosowa za chitetezo cha zoopsa za mabungwe omwe akutukuka monga kupanga mphamvu zatsopano, kusungirako mphamvu, ndi malo opangira magetsi, ndipo atapanga zokumana nazo zobwerezabwereza, ayenera kukwezedwa mdziko lonse.
Kachiwiri, tikulimbikitsa kuti tifulumizitse kukhazikitsidwa kwa msika wogwirizana wa dziko lonse, kuchotsa zopinga pa malonda a m'madera osiyanasiyana, ndikukhazikitsa malamulo a dziko lonse a msika wamagetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi. Kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yolumikizirana ya dziko lonse ya msika wamagetsi opangidwa ndi magetsi, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa malamulo amalonda, miyezo yowerengera ndalama, ndi njira zopangira mitengo m'zigawo zonse (kuphatikiza madera odziyimira pawokha ndi madera akuluakulu), ndikuchotsa kusiyana kwa mfundo ndi chitetezo cha m'deralo. Kulimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi pakati pa nsanja yamalonda yamagetsi ya dziko lonse ndi makina a nsanja yamalonda amtsogolo, kuthandizira kugawana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chofunikira monga deta yogulitsa, chidziwitso cha malo, ndi momwe mgwirizano umakwaniritsidwira, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa kusiyana kwa chidziwitso pamalonda a m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Chachitatu, akulangizidwa kuti alimbikitse kumanga zomangamanga zamsika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yotsimikizira ntchito zonse. Kuonjezera ndalama pakumanga zomangamanga zamsika zamagetsi, kuthandizira kusinthana kwamtsogolo ndi malo ogulitsira magetsi pakukweza machitidwe awo aukadaulo, ndikukweza mokwanira kukhazikika, chitetezo, ndi mphamvu zonyamulira zamakina ogulitsa. Kukhazikitsa nsanja yogawana deta yamagetsi yogwirizana padziko lonse, kuphatikiza zinthu zonse za data mu unyolo wonse wa kupanga magetsi, kutumiza, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kusunga mphamvu, ndikupereka chithandizo cha deta kuti mitengo yolondola yamagetsi ikhale yotsika komanso kupewa ndi kuwongolera zoopsa.
Chachinayi, akulangizidwa kuti akhazikitse ndikuwongolera njira yolumikizirana mfundo ndi mgwirizano wa malamulo kuti atsimikizire kuti msika ukuyenda bwino komanso mwadongosolo. Kukhazikitsa njira yogwirira ntchito limodzi pakati pa malamulo a mphamvu ndi kuyang'anira ndalama, kufotokozera bwino kugawa maudindo pakati pa National Energy Administration, China Securities Regulatory Commission, ndi maboma am'deralo pakuyang'anira msika wamagetsi, ndikupanga gulu lolamulira logwirizana komanso logwira ntchito bwino lomwe limagwira ntchito limodzi kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kukonza njira yothandizira mfundo, kuphatikiza mabizinesi oteteza mabizinesi mu dongosolo lowunikira zoopsa, ndikupereka chithandizo cholondola kwa mabizinesi omwe amachita chitetezo motsatira malamulo okhudza ngongole ndi zolimbikitsa misonkho.
Chachisanu, akulangizidwa kuti alimbikitse kulima ndi kutsogolera mabungwe amsika, ndikuwonjezera luso loteteza zoopsa zamakampani onse. Pulatifomu yophunzitsira zaubwino wa anthu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, kuphatikiza maphunziro a chidziwitso pa zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimachokera ku magetsi mu dongosolo lophunzitsira la mabizinesi amphamvu. Mogwirizana ndi mabungwe amakampani ndi kusinthana kwamtsogolo, maphunziro apadera ayenera kuchitika kuti apititse patsogolo chidziwitso cha "kusalowerera pachiwopsezo" komanso luso loteteza magwiridwe antchito a mabungwe amsika, kuti athe "kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kulimba mtima kugwiritsa ntchito" zida zochokera kuzinthu zomwe zimachokera ...
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-14-2026