Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zaperekedwa mu Ndondomeko ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zonse zopangira mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe sizili zamafuta, zikuyembekezeka kukwaniritsidwa monga momwe zakonzedwera. Chitetezo cha mphamvu cha anthu opitilira 1.4 biliyoni chidzatsimikizika bwino. Chitukuko cha China chobiriwira komanso chotsika mpweya wa kaboni chakopa chidwi cha dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo dzikolo lakhala choyendetsa chachikulu cha kusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. M'nkhaniyi, ndifotokoza kupita patsogolo ndi zomwe zakwaniritsidwa m'magawo anayi ofunikira.
Choyamba, nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ikuwonetsa zaka zisanu zomwe zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba mtima kwakukulu. M'zaka zinayi zoyambirira za dongosololi, kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa China kunafika nthawi 1.5 kuposa nthawi yonse ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 13. Akuyembekezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi atsopano m'zaka zisanu kudzaposa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi pachaka kwa European Union. Tafulumizitsa kumanga njira yonse yopanga mphamvu, kupereka, kusunga, ndi kugawa mphamvu kuti tikwaniritse bwino kufunikira kwa mphamvu komwe kukukula mwachangu. Mu 2024, kupanga mphamvu mdziko lonse kunapitirira ma kilowatt-hours 10 thililiyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga mphamvu zonse kunali kofanana ndi matani pafupifupi 5 biliyoni a malasha wamba, omwe akuyimira gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a dziko lonse lapansi, kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zonse zikupezeka bwino komanso zokwanira. M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, kugawa mphamvu kwakhala kowonjezereka. Netiweki yadziko lonse ya zomangamanga zamphamvu, kuyambira kum'mawa mpaka kumadzulo, kumpoto mpaka kum'mwera, komanso kulumikizana ndi mayiko ena, yakhala ikukonzedwa bwino kwambiri. Izi zasintha bwino ubwino wa zinthu m'madera apakati ndi akumadzulo kukhala zabwino zachitukuko ndipo zapereka maziko olimba a mphamvu kuti madera akuluakulu azachuma azitsogolera pakukula. Kum'mawa, 40% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimachokera ku njira zazikulu zotumizira mphamvu monga "Kutumiza Mphamvu Kumadzulo Kupita Kum'mawa," "Pipeline ya Gas Kumadzulo Kupita Kum'mawa," ndi "Kutumiza Malasha Kumpoto Kupita Kum'mwera." Talimbitsa kupereka magetsi, mafuta, ndi gasi kuti anthu azipeza zofunika pa moyo wawo, tikuika patsogolo kuthetsa mavuto ndikuwonjezera mphamvu kuti anthu azipeza mphamvu m'nyumba zawo. Munthawi ya 14th Five-Year Plan, China yamanga netiweki yayikulu kwambiri yotumizira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, yokhala ndi malo awiri otumizira magetsi pa magalimoto asanu aliwonse, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri anthu onse. Tachitapo kanthu mwachangu pa masoka achilengedwe, kubwezeretsa mphamvu mwachangu kwambiri komanso kuteteza njira zofunika kwambiri zopezera mphamvu kuti anthu azipeza zofunika pa moyo wawo.
Chachiwiri, nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ikuyimira gawo lofulumira kwambiri la kusintha kwa zinthu zobiriwira komanso mpweya wochepa. China yakhazikitsa njira yayikulu kwambiri komanso yofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yamagetsi obwezerezedwanso. Chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zobwezerezedwanso pakupanga mphamvu chakwera kuchoka pa 40% kufika pafupifupi 60%. Mphamvu zatsopano zomwe zayikidwa pachaka za mphamvu ya mphepo ndi photovoltaic zapitirira motsatizana ma kilowatts 100 miliyoni, 200 miliyoni, ndi 300 miliyoni, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chachikulu. Liwiro ndi mphamvu ya chitukukochi sizinachitikepo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kukusinthira kwambiri ku magwero obiriwira. Pakati pa magetsi onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kilowatt imodzi pa maola atatu aliwonse imapangidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu zobiriwira. Padziko lonse lapansi, chiwerengero cha mphamvu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zakale pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ndi 1 peresenti pachaka, kupitirira 20% yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu. Pakadali pano, gawo la malasha likuyembekezeka kuchepa ndi 1 peresenti pachaka. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoyera komanso kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malasha kwathandizira kwambiri chitukuko cha zachuma. Munthawi imeneyi, kutumiza kunja kwa China kwa zinthu zamphepo ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwachepetsa mpweya woipa wa kaboni ndi matani pafupifupi 4.1 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri pakusintha kwa mpweya woipa padziko lonse lapansi.
Chachitatu, nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ikuwona kupita patsogolo kwakukulu mu sayansi ya mphamvu ndi ukadaulo. China ikutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi mu ukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi ndi zida. Dzikoli lili ndi ma patent opitilira 40% a mphamvu zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa photovoltaic ndi mphamvu ya turbine yamphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja kwakhala kukulemba mbiri padziko lonse mobwerezabwereza. M'zaka zochepa, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano kwakwera kufika pamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Mapulojekiti monga Baihetan Hydropower Station, malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya a m'badwo wachitatu "Hualong One" omwe adapangidwa pawokha, ndi reactor yozizira kwambiri ya m'badwo wachinayi yamalizidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakufufuza mafuta ndi gasi, kupita patsogolo kwachitika pa kuya kopitilira mamita 10,000 pansi pa nthaka komanso m'malo ozama kwambiri panyanja pamtunda wa mamita 1,000 pansi pa nyanja. "Zida zazikulu zadziko" izi zikuwonetsa luso lamphamvu la sayansi ndi ukadaulo ku China. Mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi ndi mitundu ikukula. Kukula kwa ma microgrid anzeru ndi malo opangira mphamvu zenizeni kwalowa munjira yachangu. Kuyesa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa magalimoto ndi gridi kukuchulukirachulukira. Makampani opanga mphamvu akuchulukirachulukira akugwirizana ndi magawo monga kupanga ndi mayendedwe. Magawo atsopano ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo ntchito zikupitilira kutukuka, zomwe zikukhala gwero lofunika kwambiri la zokolola zatsopano.
Chachinayi, nthawi ya 14 ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu imadziwika ndi kuzama kosalekeza kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu zachitukuko. Njira za mabungwe ndi machitidwe a mfundo zasinthidwa mwachangu. Kumangidwa kwa msika wamagetsi wadziko lonse kwafulumira. Mphamvu zamagetsi ndi magwero atsopano amagetsi alowa mokwanira pamsika, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito onse amakampani ndi amalonda akutenga nawo mbali. Netiweki yamafuta ndi gasi yadziko lonse yakhazikitsidwa poyamba. Lamulo la Mphamvu lalengezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zikupititsa patsogolo njira zowongolera zazikulu ndi kayendetsedwe ka mafakitale. Mphamvu yamsika ikufulumizitsa kutulutsidwa kwake. Chiwerengero cha mabungwe olembetsedwa pamsika wamagetsi chafika pa 970,000, kuwirikiza kasanu kuposa chaka cha 2020. Njira khumi zolimbikitsira chitukuko cha mabizinesi amagetsi achinsinsi zayambitsidwa. Makampani ambiri opanga zida zamagetsi ndi oposa 60% opanga ma turbine amphepo ndi achinsinsi. M'mapulojekiti ena amagetsi anyukiliya, mabizinesi achinsinsi ali ndi gawo la 20%. N'zoonekeratu kuti mabizinesi achinsinsi akhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo kusintha ndi kusintha kwa makampani amagetsi.
Kuyambira pachiyambi cha Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zapadziko lonse komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi zakhala zovuta komanso zikusintha, China yateteza mwamphamvu chitetezo chake cha mphamvu ndipo yapanga njira yaku China yopitira patsogolo pakukula kwa mphamvu zapamwamba, zomwe zikupereka chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri pakusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2025